Cheng, Xuezhen, Chuannuo Xu, Hanlin Sun, and Jiming Li. “Fault Feature Extraction in Rolling Bearings Using Time-Frequency Analysis and Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition”. Computing and Informatics 44, no. 4 (October 27, 2025). Accessed November 3, 2025. http://147.213.75.17/ojs/index.php/cai/article/view/7469.